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-//! Qwen3 Language Model transformer backbone.
-//!
-//! Implements the 28-layer transformer with:
-//! - Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE)
-//! - Grouped Query Attention (GQA) — 16 heads, 8 KV heads
-//! - SiLU-gated MLP
-//! - RMS normalization
-//! - KV cache for autoregressive generation
-//!
-//! Based on the candle-transformers Qwen2 model architecture,
-//! extended for Qwen3-TTS.
-
-use candle_core::{DType, Device, Module, Result, Tensor, D};
-use candle_nn::{embedding, linear_no_bias, rms_norm, Embedding, Linear, RmsNorm, VarBuilder};
-
-use super::config::Qwen3LmConfig;
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Rotary Position Embeddings
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/// Precomputed RoPE sin/cos tables.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct RotaryEmbedding {
- cos: Tensor,
- sin: Tensor,
-}
-
-impl RotaryEmbedding {
- pub fn new(config: &Qwen3LmConfig, dtype: DType, device: &Device) -> Result<Self> {
- let head_dim = config.head_dim;
- let max_seq = config.max_position_embeddings;
- let theta = config.rope_theta;
-
- let inv_freq: Vec<f32> = (0..head_dim)
- .step_by(2)
- .map(|i| 1.0 / (theta as f32).powf(i as f32 / head_dim as f32))
- .collect();
-
- let inv_freq_tensor =
- Tensor::from_vec(inv_freq, (head_dim / 2,), device)?.to_dtype(DType::F32)?;
-
- let positions: Vec<f32> = (0..max_seq).map(|p| p as f32).collect();
- let positions_tensor = Tensor::from_vec(positions, (max_seq, 1), device)?;
-
- // [max_seq, head_dim/2]
- let freqs = positions_tensor.matmul(&inv_freq_tensor.unsqueeze(0)?)?;
- // [max_seq, head_dim] by repeating
- let emb = Tensor::cat(&[&freqs, &freqs], D::Minus1)?;
-
- let cos = emb.cos()?.to_dtype(dtype)?;
- let sin = emb.sin()?.to_dtype(dtype)?;
-
- Ok(Self { cos, sin })
- }
-
- /// Apply RoPE to query and key tensors.
- /// Input shape: [batch, heads, seq_len, head_dim]
- pub fn apply(&self, q: &Tensor, k: &Tensor, offset: usize) -> Result<(Tensor, Tensor)> {
- let seq_len = q.dim(2)?;
- let cos = self.cos.narrow(0, offset, seq_len)?;
- let sin = self.sin.narrow(0, offset, seq_len)?;
-
- let cos = cos.unsqueeze(0)?.unsqueeze(0)?; // [1, 1, seq, dim]
- let sin = sin.unsqueeze(0)?.unsqueeze(0)?;
-
- let q_rotated = Self::rotate_half(q, &cos, &sin)?;
- let k_rotated = Self::rotate_half(k, &cos, &sin)?;
-
- Ok((q_rotated, k_rotated))
- }
-
- fn rotate_half(x: &Tensor, cos: &Tensor, sin: &Tensor) -> Result<Tensor> {
- let half_dim = x.dim(D::Minus1)? / 2;
- let x1 = x.narrow(D::Minus1, 0, half_dim)?;
- let x2 = x.narrow(D::Minus1, half_dim, half_dim)?;
-
- // [-x2, x1] concatenated
- let neg_x2 = x2.neg()?;
- let rotated = Tensor::cat(&[&neg_x2, &x1], D::Minus1)?;
-
- // x * cos + rotated * sin
- let result = x.broadcast_mul(cos)?.broadcast_add(&rotated.broadcast_mul(sin)?)?;
- Ok(result)
- }
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// KV Cache
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/// Per-layer key-value cache for autoregressive generation.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct KvCache {
- key: Option<Tensor>,
- value: Option<Tensor>,
-}
-
-impl KvCache {
- pub fn new() -> Self {
- Self {
- key: None,
- value: None,
- }
- }
-
- /// Append new key/value tensors and return the full cached sequence.
- /// Input shapes: [batch, num_kv_heads, new_seq_len, head_dim]
- pub fn append(&mut self, key: &Tensor, value: &Tensor) -> Result<(Tensor, Tensor)> {
- let (full_key, full_value) = match (&self.key, &self.value) {
- (Some(prev_k), Some(prev_v)) => {
- let k = Tensor::cat(&[prev_k, key], 2)?;
- let v = Tensor::cat(&[prev_v, value], 2)?;
- (k, v)
- }
- _ => (key.clone(), value.clone()),
- };
-
- self.key = Some(full_key.clone());
- self.value = Some(full_value.clone());
-
- Ok((full_key, full_value))
- }
-
- /// Current cached sequence length.
- pub fn seq_len(&self) -> usize {
- self.key
- .as_ref()
- .map(|k| k.dim(2).unwrap_or(0))
- .unwrap_or(0)
- }
-
- /// Reset the cache.
- pub fn reset(&mut self) {
- self.key = None;
- self.value = None;
- }
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Attention
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/// Multi-head attention with GQA and RoPE.
-pub struct Qwen3Attention {
- q_proj: Linear,
- k_proj: Linear,
- v_proj: Linear,
- o_proj: Linear,
- q_norm: RmsNorm,
- k_norm: RmsNorm,
- num_heads: usize,
- num_kv_heads: usize,
- head_dim: usize,
- num_kv_groups: usize,
-}
-
-impl Qwen3Attention {
- pub fn new(config: &Qwen3LmConfig, vb: VarBuilder) -> Result<Self> {
- let hidden = config.hidden_size;
- let num_heads = config.num_attention_heads;
- let num_kv_heads = config.num_key_value_heads;
- let head_dim = config.head_dim;
-
- let q_proj = linear_no_bias(hidden, num_heads * head_dim, vb.pp("q_proj"))?;
- let k_proj = linear_no_bias(hidden, num_kv_heads * head_dim, vb.pp("k_proj"))?;
- let v_proj = linear_no_bias(hidden, num_kv_heads * head_dim, vb.pp("v_proj"))?;
- let o_proj = linear_no_bias(num_heads * head_dim, hidden, vb.pp("o_proj"))?;
-
- let q_norm = rms_norm(head_dim, config.rms_norm_eps, vb.pp("q_norm"))?;
- let k_norm = rms_norm(head_dim, config.rms_norm_eps, vb.pp("k_norm"))?;
-
- Ok(Self {
- q_proj,
- k_proj,
- v_proj,
- o_proj,
- q_norm,
- k_norm,
- num_heads,
- num_kv_heads,
- head_dim,
- num_kv_groups: config.num_kv_groups(),
- })
- }
-
- /// Forward pass with KV cache and RoPE.
- /// Input: [batch, seq_len, hidden_size]
- /// Returns: [batch, seq_len, hidden_size]
- pub fn forward(
- &self,
- hidden_states: &Tensor,
- rope: &RotaryEmbedding,
- kv_cache: &mut KvCache,
- attention_mask: Option<&Tensor>,
- ) -> Result<Tensor> {
- let (batch, seq_len, _) = hidden_states.dims3()?;
- let offset = kv_cache.seq_len();
-
- // Project Q, K, V
- let q = self.q_proj.forward(hidden_states)?;
- let k = self.k_proj.forward(hidden_states)?;
- let v = self.v_proj.forward(hidden_states)?;
-
- // Reshape: [batch, seq, heads*dim] -> [batch, heads, seq, dim]
- let q = q
- .reshape((batch, seq_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim))?
- .transpose(1, 2)?;
- let k = k
- .reshape((batch, seq_len, self.num_kv_heads, self.head_dim))?
- .transpose(1, 2)?;
- let v = v
- .reshape((batch, seq_len, self.num_kv_heads, self.head_dim))?
- .transpose(1, 2)?;
-
- // Apply QK normalization (Qwen3 specific)
- let q = self.apply_head_norm(&q, &self.q_norm)?;
- let k = self.apply_head_norm(&k, &self.k_norm)?;
-
- // Apply RoPE
- let (q, k) = rope.apply(&q, &k, offset)?;
-
- // Update KV cache
- let (k, v) = kv_cache.append(&k, &v)?;
-
- // Expand KV heads for GQA: [batch, kv_heads, seq, dim] -> [batch, heads, seq, dim]
- let k = self.repeat_kv(&k)?;
- let v = self.repeat_kv(&v)?;
-
- // Scaled dot-product attention
- let scale = (self.head_dim as f64).sqrt();
- let attn_weights = (q.matmul(&k.transpose(D::Minus2, D::Minus1)?)? / scale)?;
-
- let attn_weights = match attention_mask {
- Some(mask) => attn_weights.broadcast_add(mask)?,
- None => attn_weights,
- };
-
- let attn_weights = candle_nn::ops::softmax_last_dim(&attn_weights)?;
-
- // Attention output
- let attn_output = attn_weights.matmul(&v)?;
-
- // [batch, heads, seq, dim] -> [batch, seq, heads*dim]
- let attn_output = attn_output
- .transpose(1, 2)?
- .reshape((batch, seq_len, self.num_heads * self.head_dim))?;
-
- self.o_proj.forward(&attn_output)
- }
-
- /// Apply RMS norm per-head.
- fn apply_head_norm(&self, x: &Tensor, norm: &RmsNorm) -> Result<Tensor> {
- let (b, h, s, d) = x.dims4()?;
- // Reshape to [b*h*s, d] for norm, then back
- let flat = x.reshape((b * h * s, d))?;
- let normed = norm.forward(&flat)?;
- normed.reshape((b, h, s, d))
- }
-
- /// Repeat KV heads for GQA.
- fn repeat_kv(&self, x: &Tensor) -> Result<Tensor> {
- if self.num_kv_groups == 1 {
- return Ok(x.clone());
- }
- let (batch, num_kv_heads, seq_len, head_dim) = x.dims4()?;
- let x = x
- .unsqueeze(2)?
- .expand((batch, num_kv_heads, self.num_kv_groups, seq_len, head_dim))?
- .reshape((batch, self.num_heads, seq_len, head_dim))?;
- Ok(x)
- }
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// MLP
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/// SiLU-gated feed-forward network.
-pub struct Qwen3Mlp {
- gate_proj: Linear,
- up_proj: Linear,
- down_proj: Linear,
-}
-
-impl Qwen3Mlp {
- pub fn new(config: &Qwen3LmConfig, vb: VarBuilder) -> Result<Self> {
- let hidden = config.hidden_size;
- let intermediate = config.intermediate_size;
-
- let gate_proj = linear_no_bias(hidden, intermediate, vb.pp("gate_proj"))?;
- let up_proj = linear_no_bias(hidden, intermediate, vb.pp("up_proj"))?;
- let down_proj = linear_no_bias(intermediate, hidden, vb.pp("down_proj"))?;
-
- Ok(Self {
- gate_proj,
- up_proj,
- down_proj,
- })
- }
-
- pub fn forward(&self, x: &Tensor) -> Result<Tensor> {
- let gate = self.gate_proj.forward(x)?;
- let gate = candle_nn::Activation::Silu.forward(&gate)?;
- let up = self.up_proj.forward(x)?;
- let hidden = (gate * up)?;
- self.down_proj.forward(&hidden)
- }
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Transformer Layer
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/// A single Qwen3 transformer decoder layer.
-pub struct Qwen3DecoderLayer {
- self_attn: Qwen3Attention,
- mlp: Qwen3Mlp,
- input_layernorm: RmsNorm,
- post_attention_layernorm: RmsNorm,
-}
-
-impl Qwen3DecoderLayer {
- pub fn new(config: &Qwen3LmConfig, vb: VarBuilder) -> Result<Self> {
- let self_attn = Qwen3Attention::new(config, vb.pp("self_attn"))?;
- let mlp = Qwen3Mlp::new(config, vb.pp("mlp"))?;
- let input_layernorm =
- rms_norm(config.hidden_size, config.rms_norm_eps, vb.pp("input_layernorm"))?;
- let post_attention_layernorm = rms_norm(
- config.hidden_size,
- config.rms_norm_eps,
- vb.pp("post_attention_layernorm"),
- )?;
-
- Ok(Self {
- self_attn,
- mlp,
- input_layernorm,
- post_attention_layernorm,
- })
- }
-
- pub fn forward(
- &self,
- hidden_states: &Tensor,
- rope: &RotaryEmbedding,
- kv_cache: &mut KvCache,
- attention_mask: Option<&Tensor>,
- ) -> Result<Tensor> {
- // Pre-norm attention
- let residual = hidden_states;
- let hidden_states = self.input_layernorm.forward(hidden_states)?;
- let hidden_states =
- self.self_attn
- .forward(&hidden_states, rope, kv_cache, attention_mask)?;
- let hidden_states = (residual + hidden_states)?;
-
- // Pre-norm MLP
- let residual = &hidden_states;
- let hidden_states = self.post_attention_layernorm.forward(&hidden_states)?;
- let hidden_states = self.mlp.forward(&hidden_states)?;
- let output = (residual + hidden_states)?;
-
- Ok(output)
- }
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Full Model
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/// The complete Qwen3 language model for TTS.
-///
-/// Architecture:
-/// - Token embedding layer
-/// - 28 transformer decoder layers
-/// - Final RMS normalization
-/// - LM head (projects to vocab)
-pub struct Qwen3Model {
- embed_tokens: Embedding,
- layers: Vec<Qwen3DecoderLayer>,
- norm: RmsNorm,
- lm_head: Linear,
- rope: RotaryEmbedding,
- config: Qwen3LmConfig,
- /// Last hidden states (before lm_head), used by code predictor.
- last_hidden: std::cell::RefCell<Option<Tensor>>,
-}
-
-impl Qwen3Model {
- pub fn new(config: &Qwen3LmConfig, vb: VarBuilder) -> Result<Self> {
- // HuggingFace Qwen3-TTS uses "talker.model.*" prefix
- let talker_vb = vb.pp("talker");
- let model_vb = talker_vb.pp("model");
-
- // Text embedding (called "text_embedding" in HF, not "embed_tokens")
- let embed_tokens = embedding(config.vocab_size, config.hidden_size, model_vb.pp("text_embedding"))?;
-
- let mut layers = Vec::with_capacity(config.num_hidden_layers);
- for i in 0..config.num_hidden_layers {
- let layer = Qwen3DecoderLayer::new(config, model_vb.pp(format!("layers.{i}")))?;
- layers.push(layer);
- }
-
- let norm = rms_norm(config.hidden_size, config.rms_norm_eps, model_vb.pp("norm"))?;
-
- // Codec head (called "codec_head" in HF, not "lm_head")
- let lm_head = linear_no_bias(config.hidden_size, config.vocab_size, talker_vb.pp("codec_head"))?;
-
- let dtype = vb.dtype();
- let device = vb.device().clone();
- let rope = RotaryEmbedding::new(config, dtype, &device)?;
-
- Ok(Self {
- embed_tokens,
- layers,
- norm,
- lm_head,
- rope,
- config: config.clone(),
- last_hidden: std::cell::RefCell::new(None),
- })
- }
-
- /// Forward pass through the full model.
- ///
- /// `input_ids`: [batch, seq_len] — token IDs
- /// `kv_caches`: per-layer KV caches
- /// `attention_mask`: optional causal mask [batch, 1, seq_len, total_seq_len]
- ///
- /// Returns logits: [batch, seq_len, vocab_size]
- pub fn forward(
- &self,
- input_ids: &Tensor,
- kv_caches: &mut [KvCache],
- attention_mask: Option<&Tensor>,
- ) -> Result<Tensor> {
- let mut hidden_states = self.embed_tokens.forward(input_ids)?;
-
- for (i, layer) in self.layers.iter().enumerate() {
- hidden_states =
- layer.forward(&hidden_states, &self.rope, &mut kv_caches[i], attention_mask)?;
- }
-
- hidden_states = self.norm.forward(&hidden_states)?;
-
- // Store last hidden state for code predictor
- *self.last_hidden.borrow_mut() = Some(hidden_states.clone());
-
- let logits = self.lm_head.forward(&hidden_states)?;
- Ok(logits)
- }
-
- /// Forward pass with pre-computed embeddings (for first iteration where
- /// text embeddings are concatenated with audio features).
- ///
- /// `inputs_embeds`: [batch, seq_len, hidden_size]
- pub fn forward_embeds(
- &self,
- inputs_embeds: &Tensor,
- kv_caches: &mut [KvCache],
- attention_mask: Option<&Tensor>,
- ) -> Result<Tensor> {
- let mut hidden_states = inputs_embeds.clone();
-
- for (i, layer) in self.layers.iter().enumerate() {
- hidden_states =
- layer.forward(&hidden_states, &self.rope, &mut kv_caches[i], attention_mask)?;
- }
-
- hidden_states = self.norm.forward(&hidden_states)?;
-
- *self.last_hidden.borrow_mut() = Some(hidden_states.clone());
-
- let logits = self.lm_head.forward(&hidden_states)?;
- Ok(logits)
- }
-
- /// Get the last hidden states (for the code predictor).
- pub fn last_hidden_state(&self) -> Option<Tensor> {
- self.last_hidden.borrow().clone()
- }
-
- /// Number of transformer layers.
- pub fn num_layers(&self) -> usize {
- self.config.num_hidden_layers
- }
-
- /// Hidden size.
- pub fn hidden_size(&self) -> usize {
- self.config.hidden_size
- }
-
- /// Get token embedding layer (for input preparation).
- pub fn embed_tokens(&self) -> &Embedding {
- &self.embed_tokens
- }
-
- /// Create a causal attention mask.
- pub fn make_causal_mask(
- seq_len: usize,
- past_len: usize,
- dtype: DType,
- device: &Device,
- ) -> Result<Tensor> {
- let total_len = past_len + seq_len;
-
- if seq_len == 1 {
- // Single token: no masking needed (can attend to everything)
- return Tensor::zeros((1, 1, 1, total_len), dtype, device);
- }
-
- // Full causal mask: lower triangular
- let mask: Vec<f32> = (0..seq_len)
- .flat_map(|i| {
- (0..total_len).map(move |j| {
- if j <= past_len + i {
- 0.0
- } else {
- f32::NEG_INFINITY
- }
- })
- })
- .collect();
-
- Tensor::from_vec(mask, (1, 1, seq_len, total_len), device)?.to_dtype(dtype)
- }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
- use super::*;
-
- #[test]
- fn test_kv_cache() {
- let device = Device::Cpu;
- let mut cache = KvCache::new();
- assert_eq!(cache.seq_len(), 0);
-
- let k = Tensor::zeros((1, 8, 5, 128), DType::F32, &device).unwrap();
- let v = Tensor::zeros((1, 8, 5, 128), DType::F32, &device).unwrap();
- let (fk, _fv) = cache.append(&k, &v).unwrap();
- assert_eq!(cache.seq_len(), 5);
- assert_eq!(fk.dim(2).unwrap(), 5);
-
- let k2 = Tensor::zeros((1, 8, 1, 128), DType::F32, &device).unwrap();
- let v2 = Tensor::zeros((1, 8, 1, 128), DType::F32, &device).unwrap();
- let (fk2, _fv2) = cache.append(&k2, &v2).unwrap();
- assert_eq!(cache.seq_len(), 6);
- assert_eq!(fk2.dim(2).unwrap(), 6);
-
- cache.reset();
- assert_eq!(cache.seq_len(), 0);
- }
-
- #[test]
- fn test_causal_mask_single_token() {
- let mask = Qwen3Model::make_causal_mask(1, 10, DType::F32, &Device::Cpu).unwrap();
- assert_eq!(mask.dims(), &[1, 1, 1, 11]);
- // All zeros — single token can attend to everything
- let sum: f32 = mask.sum_all().unwrap().to_scalar().unwrap();
- assert_eq!(sum, 0.0);
- }
-
- #[test]
- fn test_causal_mask_multi_token() {
- let mask = Qwen3Model::make_causal_mask(3, 0, DType::F32, &Device::Cpu).unwrap();
- assert_eq!(mask.dims(), &[1, 1, 3, 3]);
- // Upper triangle should be -inf
- let data: Vec<f32> = mask.flatten_all().unwrap().to_vec1().unwrap();
- // Row 0: [0, -inf, -inf]
- assert_eq!(data[0], 0.0);
- assert!(data[1].is_infinite() && data[1] < 0.0);
- assert!(data[2].is_infinite() && data[2] < 0.0);
- // Row 1: [0, 0, -inf]
- assert_eq!(data[3], 0.0);
- assert_eq!(data[4], 0.0);
- assert!(data[5].is_infinite() && data[5] < 0.0);
- // Row 2: [0, 0, 0]
- assert_eq!(data[6], 0.0);
- assert_eq!(data[7], 0.0);
- assert_eq!(data[8], 0.0);
- }
-}